Category Archives: History

articles about Japanese baseball history

Why is NPB so bad at adapting

Yesterday, I wrote about Nippon Professional Baseball’s professed “reason” for adopting a pitch clock: allowing the establishment to both publicly disrespect the players union and serve as an excuse for March’s World Baseball Classic quarterfinal exit – Japan’s worst finish to date.

In that post, I mentioned that Japanese organizations are incredibly slow to adopt new things, something that surprises many visitors to the country, who expect a nation constantly aspiring to stay on the cutting edge of technology – a description that fits South Korea far better than Japan.

There are at least three reasons for “Japan speed”: a requirement that traditions carried forward from predecessors be properly respected, that no one within the organization takes sufficient individual responsibility to easily be held accountable, and that subgroups often do not play nice with each other, often pursuing their own selfish interests over that of the whole enterprise.

Paying one’s respects

Unless under extreme pressure, Japan’s innovation model is to make continual improvements to established ways of doing things, a practice known as “kaizen” that superficially respects the achievements and efforts of those who tackled the same issues before and pays homage to their vision by not saying, “Sorry, what we’ve been doing for years has been a waste of time.”

I often tell guests on my guided history tours of Tokyo that politeness in Japan demands a set of complex rules, and Rule No. 1 is never criticize rules. Doing so implies disrespect to not only those who follow the rule in question but to everyone who ignores the rule but pays lip service to it.

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The kanri yakyu curse

In my last two posts dealing with the differences between baseball in Japan and the United States, I discussed the history behind Japan’s unwavering allegiance to one-run tactics, and its almost unique penchant for obsessive attention to detail as it applies to practice.

These phenomena achieved their maximum expression in the 1980s and ’90s, in a management style known as “kanri yakyu,” or controlled baseball.

This bastard child of small-ball history and the “kodawari” obsession with detail was the brainchild of a former star infielder for the Yomiuri Giants, Tatsuro Hirooka, who led two previously underperforming franchises to Japan Series championships.

Hirooka has recently distanced himself from the more indefensible tactical aspects of his dogma, stating in 2023 interview with Hall of Fame manager Hiromitsu Ochiai that his focus was solely on management techniques and not on all the other nonsense kanri yakyu espoused.

Kanri yakyu was a product of its time as pro baseball’s answer to the quality control movement that allowed its industrial exports to enjoy huge growth in the 1970s. It was a scientific approach to the game that dictated what players should eat, how they should train and the offensive roles and styles appropriate to players depending on their body type.

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